Introduction 📖
Prophet Muhammad (SAW), the final messenger of Allah, is the perfect role model for humanity. His life—filled with faith, perseverance, wisdom, and compassion—shaped Islamic civilization. This detailed biography covers his birth, prophethood, challenges, leadership, and passing, along with the key companions who stood by him.
Table of Contents
1. Birth & Early Life (570–610 CE) 👶
Birth & Family Background
- Born: Monday, 12 Rabi ul Awwal (570 CE) in Mecca.
- Tribe: Banu Hashim, part of the noble Quraysh tribe.
- Parents:
- Father: Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib (died before his birth).
- Mother: Amina bint Wahb (passed away when he was 6).
- Early Care: Raised first by his grandfather Abdul-Muttalib, then by his uncle Abu Talib.
Signs of Prophethood
- As a child: A Christian monk, Bahira, recognized his prophethood.
- Al-Amin (The Trustworthy): Known for his honesty and integrity in trade.
- Marriage to Khadija (RA): At 25, he married the wealthiest merchant in Mecca, who was 40. She was his first supporter.
2. The First Revelation & Early Prophethood (610–613 CE) 📜
The Divine Call in Cave Hira
- At 40 years old, while meditating in Hira Cave, Angel Jibril (AS) appeared with the first revelation:“Read in the name of your Lord who created—” (Quran 96:1-5)
- Khadija (RA) comforted him and became the first believer.
Early Muslims (The First Companions)
- Abu Bakr (RA) – Closest friend & first male Muslim.
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) – Youngest convert (age 10).
- Zayd ibn Harithah (RA) – Freed slave & adopted son.
- Uthman ibn Affan (RA) – Later 3rd Caliph.
- Bilal ibn Rabah (RA) – Former slave, first Mu’adhin.
3. Persecution & The Hijra (613–622 CE) 🏃♂️
Meccan Opposition
- The Quraysh leaders (like Abu Jahl & Abu Lahab) tortured early Muslims.
- Economic boycott against Banu Hashim for 3 years.
- Year of Sorrow (619 CE): Death of Khadija (RA) & Abu Talib, his greatest protectors.
The Night Journey (Isra & Miraj) 🌙
- Miracle: Traveled from Mecca to Jerusalem (Al-Aqsa) then to the heavens in one night.
- Received: The command for 5 daily prayers (Salah).
Migration to Medina (Hijra – 622 CE)
- Invited by: Medinan tribes (Ansar) to establish peace.
- Escaped assassination: With Abu Bakr (RA), hiding in Thawr Cave.
- Arrival in Medina: Built Quba Mosque, the first in Islam.
4. Life in Medina & Major Battles (622–630 CE) ⚔️
Establishing the First Islamic State
- Constitution of Medina: Unified Muslims, Jews & tribes under one law.
- Brotherhood (Muwakhah): Paired Muhajirun (Meccan migrants) & Ansar (Medinan helpers).
Key Battles
| Battle | Year | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Badr | 624 | Victory (313 Muslims vs. 1000 Quraysh) |
| Uhud | 625 | Setback due to archers’ mistake |
| Trench | 627 | Defended Medina from 10,000 enemies |
| Hudaybiyyah | 628 | Peace treaty with Quraysh |
Conquest of Mecca (630 CE) 🕋
- Peaceful takeover: Forgave all enemies, including Hind bint Utbah (who chewed Hamza’s liver).
- Cleansed the Kaaba of idols, fulfilling Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) legacy.
5. Final Years & Passing (630–632 CE) ☪️
Farewell Sermon (632 CE)
- Delivered at Mount Arafat to 140,000+ Muslims.
- Key teachings:
- “No racism in Islam.”
- “Treat women kindly.”
- “I leave you the Quran & Sunnah.”
Death & Burial
- Fell ill after returning to Medina.
- Passed away: 12 Rabi ul Awwal, 11 AH (June 632 CE).
- Buried in Aisha’s (RA) room, now part of Masjid an-Nabawi.
6. Legacy & Companions (Sahabah) 🌍
The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs
- Abu Bakr (RA) – First Caliph, compiled the Quran.
- Umar (RA) – Expanded Islamic empire, justice icon.
- Uthman (RA) – Standardized Quran copies.
- Ali (RA) – Known for wisdom & bravery.
Other Notable Companions
- Aisha (RA) – Scholar & hadith narrator.
- Salman al-Farsi (RA) – Persian companion.
- Khalid ibn al-Walid (RA) – Undefeated general.
Conclusion: Lessons from His Life ✨
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) taught:
✅ Patience in hardship
✅ Mercy to enemies
✅ Justice for all
✅ Humility in leadership
His life remains the ultimate guide for Muslims. Let’s follow his Sunnah! ❤️🕌